
Europe currently imports between 65 and 100% of the critical raw materials needed to ...

https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2025/12/03/the-eus-geopolitical-dream-is-dying-in-its-own-neighbourhood/

https://ukandeu.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EU-UK-2030-Report.pdf